Decarbonization has become a central pillar of the global economic transformation. While the expansion of renewable sources is a fundamental part of this process, reducing emissions requires far broader changes in how energy is produced, transported, stored, and consumed. In Brazil, which already boasts one of the world's most renewable electricity mixes, the challenge is extending to sectors such as transportation, industry, and fuel production, alongside the growing importance of power grids, storage, energy efficiency, biomethane, biofuels, low-emission hydrogen, carbon markets, and new technologies. More than simply replacing fossil fuel sources, decarbonization entails reorganizing entire production systems to create an economy capable of growing with lower carbon intensity.
The April 2026 edition of the Outlook for the Brazilian Fuel Market in the Short Term, published by EPE, projects more than 3 billion additional liters of demand for liquid fuels and LPG in 2026 and again in 2027. This movement confirms the vitality of the Brazilian economy, but also highlights the complexity of the energy transition in a country where security of supply, social inclusion, competitiveness, and decarbonization need to advance in a coordinated manner.
Brazil starts 2026 with 215.9 GW of installed electrical capacity, 84.63% of which comes from renewable sources. ANEEL projects expansion of 9.1 GW throughout the year. At the same time that Roraima finally connects to the National Interconnected System, the solar sector is going through its second consecutive year of slowdown, pressured by generation cuts, high interest rates and network bottlenecks.
The national electric matrix is formed by 82.9% of clean energy, such as hydroelectric, biomass and solar energy, while the global average is 26.7%.
According to the Ministry of Mines and Energy, Brazil currently has 83% of its matrix originated from clean energy. The share is led by hydroelectric (63.8%), followed by wind (9.3%), biomass and biogas (8.9%) and solar (1.4%). Unlike the global average, Brazil is three times more sustainable than other countries.
Renewable energy sources are wind, solar, hydro and biomass, but despite being sustainable sources, their use still needs to be expanded. How is the use of renewable energy sources in Brazil and in the world? Historically, world energy production has always been based on fossil fuels, such as oil and coal. However, over the decades it was realized that these fuels were finite and that their use caused the greenhouse effect and aggravated global warming.
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